Source ledger

28 sources used in the chronological narrative. UN commission and mechanism reports, a constitutional declaration, UN and government statements, news reporting and monitor briefings retain their dates and scopes.

1. S01: AP, Jill Lawless, December 8, 2024
2. S02: Reuters, Jonathan Spicer and Maya Gebeily, updated December 9, 2024
3. S03: IIIM, public redacted detention report, December 5, 2024
4. S04: UN Syria Commission, A/HRC/59/CRP.4, August 11, 2025
5. S05: Constitutional declaration, March 13, 2025, unofficial English translation hosted by ConstitutionNet
6. S06: OHCHR, August 14, 2025
7. S07: AP, July 22, 2025
8. S08: UN Syria Commission, A/HRC/61/CRP.7, 2026
9. S09: UN News, March 27, 2026
10. S10: IPU election record, October 5, 2025 selection
11. S11: BBC, October 7, 2025
12. S12: UN News, November 6, 2025
13. S13: AP, December 19, 2025
14. S14: US Department of State, Syria sanctions page
15. S15: House of Commons Library, January 22, 2026
16. S16: IIIM A/80/650, February 23, 2026, reporting February 1, 2025-January 31, 2026
17. S17: UN News, July 8, 2026
18. S18: Clingendael, Erwin van Veen and Joseph Daher, September 2026
19. S19: ETANA, September 29, 2026
20. S20: SNHR, October 2, 2026
21. S21: Anadolu Agency, December 7, updated December 9, 2025
22. S22: OHCHR, October 2, 2026 story
23. S23: AP, July 12, 2026
24. S24: BBC, July 1, 2026
25. S25: Al Jazeera, July 12, 2026
26. S26: Reuters, January 30, 2026
27. S27: AP, January 30, 2026
28. S28: World Bank, March 11, 2026 release on March 5 approval